Refers to the design of 2-dimensional representations/reconstructions of objects or structures using a vector data model and specialised software. They can be used alone or as components of 3D models.

Vector models use points, lines, curves and shapes (geometrical primitives), based on mathematical equations. These formulae build the best quality image possible, given the screen resolution, which is scalable to any size and detail, although the file size remains the same. Usually, printing a vector model to paper will give a sharper image than displaying it on screen.

It is also possible to save a raster image of a vector file. This process is called rasterisation, and is particularly useful for those systems that do not support vector graphics.

There are occasions where it is better to use vector tools than raster tools, and vice versa. Vector graphics are preferable for simple or composite drawings that need to be device-independent, or do not need to achieve photo-realism.

Some graphics tools are able to combine images from both vector and raster sources.

Related methods include: 2D Modelling – raster and 3D Modelling – vector.